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COMPLEXITY: THE EMERGING SCIENCE AT THE EDGE OF ORDER AND CHAOS by M. Mitchell Waldrop (1993) Paperback
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Ce livre reprend l'histoire de la création de l'institut de Santa-Fe , le croisement des trajectoires de ces chercheurs qui avaient cette même obcession , cette même intuition , que la description lineaire scientifique passait à côté des questions fondamentales de la création .Le livre est trés bien tourné, mi biographie des differents chercheur, mi description ( non technique ) des travaux , on a un livre d'epistemologie en live . Il date de quelques années mais aucune importance pour commencer le sujet .
Qu'est-ce que la "complexité" ? Une recette : quelques règles simples adoptées par de grandes populations et l'on voit émerger des comportements complexes, ceux d'un ban de poissons où d'investisseurs financiers.Ce livre reconstruit la genèse des travaux de l'Institut de Santa Fé (qui réunit les scientifiques de toutes disciplines qui travaillent sur le sujet), comme s'il s'agissait d'une épopée. Passionnant !
This is the story of the creation of the Santa Fe Institute and the personalities and thinking of the scientists who came together to explore disciplines that just might relate to their own. So we have mathematicians, physicists, biologists, computer programmers and analysts, chemists, astronomers, and many more giving workshops and lectures to one another to explore what lies between order and chaos. (A car key is simple. A car is complicated. A car in traffic is complex.) This book is about complexity.Author Waldrop tells stories and explores the personalities of the men and women who made the Santa Fe Institute happen, thereby creating a tale that enlightens the reader on many intellectual levels. This book was written in 1992, but it is timeless.
I am doing online courses offered by Santa Fe institute on various aspects of Complexity and Emergence, including Fractals. These courses are offered under Complexity Explorer from Santa Fe. I came across this book by accident, and since I am doing courses from that Institute, I decided to buy this book and read about the Institute.It described how experts from different disciplines were brought together under one roof, physicists, economists, biologists, mathematicians etc. The idea being that they could cross stimulate each other from their own field, as Complexity exists in all areas of human lives and endeavours.It's a fascinating read.
Great book to discuss complexity especially how scientist use simulation to create complex system from bottom up. However, at that time, scientist still need to design the most fundamental rules which might not perfectly match with the truth. After reading the book, had a conversation with friends who just got his PHD in CS related to AI. The current method is to let algo design or find the rule which could get the best results. However, the total mechanism could be a black box. Interesting to compare two way and worth digging deeper.
This book consists of ~5% information on dealing with complex systems and 95% aimless storytelling.If you are looking for an efficient way to increase your knowledge of complexity theory then go elsewhere.
This is a brilliant and riveting account of the birth of the science of Complexity at the Santa Fe Institute told in the form of detailed and human biographical profiles of some the leading scientific voices in the movement. Some reviewers here have complained that this isn't a book of science, per se, but more of history. While you will not find the math, code, detailed analysis of various models, or even illustrations of some of the compelling graphics; you will find well wrought descriptions of the basic theories and the evolution of thinking that delivered them. Getting the social and broader scientific context for the founders is a great introduction. Then you can read their books to get the nitty gritty, and you'll appreciate it better for having gained the long range perspective from Waldrop.Complexity and emergence are some of the most compelling ideas to come out of the science of chaos - and are real paradigm changing ideas that promise to transform science in the 21st century and beyond. Complexity is the study of how agglomerations of agents behaving individually come to manifest dramatically complex group behaviors (called "emergent phenomena") with a richness you could never derive from the study of the simple components. Commonly studied emergent behaviors include the stock market, economies, flocks of birds and fish, the rise of life from pre-biotic molecular soup, the properties of complex molecules compared to the properties of their component atoms, etc... Methods of study are frequently computer simulations that model emergent complexity using simple rules in a recursive way reminiscent of chaos theory research. Indeed, Langton shows that emergent complexity is along the same continuum as chaos, but pitched at the edge between chaos and static order - literally the "edge of chaos". Some of the same scientists feature in both theories too - particularly Doyne Farmer of UCAL Santa Cruz.The fact that informational order appears spontaneously seems to violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics - but does not because only information is being created, not energy. Kauffman calls it "order for free". This emergent order is deeply significant in a number of ways. First of all it provides a way of studying the structures of reality that are too messy and dynamic to fit classical reductionist science. But, more importantly, the reality of emergent complexity says something deeper about a creative generative force in the universe which resonates deeply with human spiritual feelings. Seeing order emerge spontaneously feels like witnessing "creation". In the latter chapters we see that evolution moves complex systems closer towards the edge of chaos (lambda around 1/4). Not only does this give a mathematical model for "evolutionary fitness" (which previously had been only definable as a tautology: evolutionary fitness = higher rates of survival (i.e. fitness)) but this also suggests a deeper concordance between a particular degree of chaos and some powerful natural property of phase transition that somehow engenders all the amazing dynamical systems we marvel at - particularly life itself on all its levels, from the swirling metabolic action of cells to the cellular group behavior of complex organisms such as ourselves, and our higher level social behavior. It's not an accident of evolution - it's an important, universal and inevitable law of nature, like gravity or electromagnetism.Waldrop gets this and he takes you into Langton's computer lab the night he has his epiphany while playing the game of "Life" and other critical moments of inspiration. While this book doesn't spur you to take out your calculator and do the math like Gleik's "Chaos" it makes you feel the magic and gives you a heck of reading list to pursue further.
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